Stop-motion animations are often made using everyday objects, clay and flexible figurines (claymation), and the human body (pixillation). Stop-motion is made by transforming an object or a body between frames of an animation. Stop- motion animation is an easy way to sketch interaction with people and objects before investing the time and effort to build working systems. TUIs and Ambient Displays could benefit from a more spatial prototyping technique since they often rely on interaction with the body, movement and materials. This type of stop-motion future-telling could help to direct the development and research of future technologies. Stop-motion animations make it relatively easy to speed up or reverse time and to give inanimate objects magical properties, encouraging highly imaginative work. One designer has used stop-motion animation to investigate future interaction possibilities of nano-technology. Stop-motion can also be used to explore the consequences of technologies that do not yet exist. Toy designers often use stop-motion to illustrate game-play the act of animating one construction toy inspired the design of a kinetic constructive assembly kit. Animating existing objects through stop-motion animation can serve as inspiration for the development of novel physical interfaces. Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) can be prototyped using exploratory cardboard mock-ups with movable parts. Several techniques adapted from animation, including frame-by-frame drawing and the use of clear gels, have been used to make low-fidelity prototypes of Graphical User Interfaces. Video can be a useful artifact for all phases of the design process, including brainstorming, prototyping and evaluation. Low-fidelity prototyping relies on widely available materials and skills, so it can foster collaboration within multidisciplinary groups in the design process. They can be as effective as their high-fidelity counterparts for anticipating problems and evaluating design decisions. prototypes are useful to the interface design process because they are fast, cheap and easy to make.
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